You can build a bridge on a water sector adjacent to a construction truck. Just click the sector in which you want to build it and you should see a "create" option.
you can build them (slowly) as far as you wish. 4 in a straight line per turn (as you move your construction truck along the new bridge).
They do not inhibit sea travel unless you have troops on the bridge. Other country's troops cannot pass through your troops but everyone can use unoccupied bridges.